The below publications are related to the development of T1 CMR (T1MES) phantom, performances and repeatability, which indicate the phantom meets all the design requirements and can be used reliably for cardiac T1 mapping as a reference standard.
Captur, G., et al., A medical device-grade T1 and ECV phantom for global T1 mapping quality assurance—the T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (T1MES) program. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2016. 18(1): p. 58.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27660042
Captur, G., et al., T1 mapping performance and measurement repeatability: results from the multi-national T1 mapping standardization phantom program (T1MES). Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2020. 22(1): p. 31.